Practice

Use the CENTOR criteria before prescribing for sore throat — three or more of fever, tonsillar exudate, tender anterior cervical nodes and absent cough justify considering antibiotics. eTG: Antibiotic — Pharyngitis

Metformin is contraindicated once eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m² — halve the dose and review at eGFR 30–45 rather than waiting for symptoms. RACGP: Management of type 2 diabetes

A first febrile convulsion in a child aged 6 months to 5 years that is generalised, under 15 minutes and does not recur within 24 hours needs no investigations — focus on finding the fever source. RCH CPG: Febrile seizures

Thunderclap headache, new neurology, fever with neck stiffness, or onset after 50 are red flags that make a headache presentation an emergency until proven otherwise.